Bismuth is a white, crystalline, brittle metal with a
pinkish tinge. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic (having a magnetic permeability
less than that of a vacuum...or slightly repelled by a magnet) of all metals,
and the thermal conductivity is lower than any metal, except mercury. It has a
high electrical resistance, and has the highest Hall effect (production of a
voltage difference (the Hall voltage) across an electrical
conductor, of any metal (that is, the greatest increase in electrical
resistance when placed in a magnetic field).
•Name: Bismuth
•Symbol: Bi
•Atomic number: 83
•Atomic weight: 208.98040 (1)
•Standard state: solid at 298 K
•CAS Registry ID: 7440-69-9
•Group in periodic table: 15
•Group name: Pnictogen
•Period in periodic table: 6
•Block in periodic table: p-block
•Color: lustrous reddish white
•Classification: Metallic
Historical information
Bismuth has been known since ancient times. Origin of name comes from the German word "Wissmuth", meaning "white mass" and the Latin word "bisemutum". In early times bismuth was confused with tin and lead. So although bismuth had been discussed many times before, Claude Geoffroy the Younger showed it to be distinct from lead in 1753.
Physical properties
•Melting point: 544.4 [or 271.3 °C (520.3 °F)] K
•Boiling point: 1837 [or 1564 °C (2847 °F)] K
•Density of solid: 9780 kg m-3
Orbital properties
•Ground state electron configuration: [Xe].4f14.5d10.6s2.6p3
•Shell structure: 2.8.18.32.18.5
•Term symbol: 4S3/2
Isolation
It is not normally necessary to make bismuth in the laboratory as it is available commercially. Bismuth is found in nature largely as bismite (Bi2O3), bismuthinite (Bi2S3), and bismutite [(BiO)2CO3]. However it is generally made as a byproduct of copper, lead,tin, silver, gold, and zinc plants. The final step involves a reduction of the oxide by charcoal.
Common Fields of Usage:
Pharmaceuticals
Fuses
•Name: Bismuth
•Symbol: Bi
•Atomic number: 83
•Atomic weight: 208.98040 (1)
•Standard state: solid at 298 K
•CAS Registry ID: 7440-69-9
•Group in periodic table: 15
•Group name: Pnictogen
•Period in periodic table: 6
•Block in periodic table: p-block
•Color: lustrous reddish white
•Classification: Metallic
Historical information
Bismuth has been known since ancient times. Origin of name comes from the German word "Wissmuth", meaning "white mass" and the Latin word "bisemutum". In early times bismuth was confused with tin and lead. So although bismuth had been discussed many times before, Claude Geoffroy the Younger showed it to be distinct from lead in 1753.
Physical properties
•Melting point: 544.4 [or 271.3 °C (520.3 °F)] K
•Boiling point: 1837 [or 1564 °C (2847 °F)] K
•Density of solid: 9780 kg m-3
Orbital properties
•Ground state electron configuration: [Xe].4f14.5d10.6s2.6p3
•Shell structure: 2.8.18.32.18.5
•Term symbol: 4S3/2
Isolation
It is not normally necessary to make bismuth in the laboratory as it is available commercially. Bismuth is found in nature largely as bismite (Bi2O3), bismuthinite (Bi2S3), and bismutite [(BiO)2CO3]. However it is generally made as a byproduct of copper, lead,tin, silver, gold, and zinc plants. The final step involves a reduction of the oxide by charcoal.
Common Fields of Usage:
Pharmaceuticals
Fuses
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