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When freshly exposed to air, thallium exhibits a metallic luster, but soon develops a bluish-grey tinge, resembling lead in appearance. A heavy oxide builds up on thallium if left in air, and in the presence of water the hydroxide is formed. The metal is very soft and malleable. It can be cut with a knife.
The element and its compounds are toxic and should be handled carefully. Thallium may cause cancer (though really...what can't in certain amounts???).
•Name: Thallium
•Symbol: Tl
•Atomic number: 81
•Atomic weight: 204.3833 (2)
•Standard state: solid at 298 K
•CAS Registry ID: 7440-28-0
•Group in periodic table: 13
•Group name: (none)
•Period in periodic table: 6
•Block in periodic table: p-block
•Color: silvery white
•Classification: Metallic
Historical information
Thallium was discovered, spectroscopically by Sir William Crookes at 1861 in England. The element was named after the green spectral line, which identified the element (from the Greek word "thallos" meaning "green twig" or green shoot). The metal was isolated both by Crookes and Lamy in 1862. They had been expecting to isolate tellurium after removing selenium from the byproducts from a commercial sulphuric acid factory but instead foundthe new element thallium.
Physical properties
•Melting point: 577 [or 304 °C (579 °F)] K
•Boiling point: 1746 [or 1473 °C (2683 °F)] K
•Density of solid: 11850 kg m-3
Orbital properties
•Ground state electron configuration: [Xe].4f14.5d10.6s2.6p1
•Shell structure: 2.8.18.32.18.3
•Term symbol: 2P1/2
Isolation
Thallium metal would not normally be made in the laboratory as it is available commercially. Crude thallium is present as a component in flue dust along with arsenic, cadmium, indium, germanium, lead, nickel, selenium, tellurium, and zinc. This is done by dissolving in dilute acid, precipitating out lead sulphate, and then adding HCl to precipitate thallium chloride, TlCl. Further purification can be achieved by electrolysis of soluble thallium salts.
When freshly exposed to air, thallium exhibits a metallic luster, but soon develops a bluish-grey tinge, resembling lead in appearance. A heavy oxide builds up on thallium if left in air, and in the presence of water the hydroxide is formed. The metal is very soft and malleable. It can be cut with a knife.
The element and its compounds are toxic and should be handled carefully. Thallium may cause cancer (though really...what can't in certain amounts???).
•Name: Thallium
•Symbol: Tl
•Atomic number: 81
•Atomic weight: 204.3833 (2)
•Standard state: solid at 298 K
•CAS Registry ID: 7440-28-0
•Group in periodic table: 13
•Group name: (none)
•Period in periodic table: 6
•Block in periodic table: p-block
•Color: silvery white
•Classification: Metallic
Historical information
Thallium was discovered, spectroscopically by Sir William Crookes at 1861 in England. The element was named after the green spectral line, which identified the element (from the Greek word "thallos" meaning "green twig" or green shoot). The metal was isolated both by Crookes and Lamy in 1862. They had been expecting to isolate tellurium after removing selenium from the byproducts from a commercial sulphuric acid factory but instead foundthe new element thallium.
Physical properties
•Melting point: 577 [or 304 °C (579 °F)] K
•Boiling point: 1746 [or 1473 °C (2683 °F)] K
•Density of solid: 11850 kg m-3
Orbital properties
•Ground state electron configuration: [Xe].4f14.5d10.6s2.6p1
•Shell structure: 2.8.18.32.18.3
•Term symbol: 2P1/2
Isolation
Thallium metal would not normally be made in the laboratory as it is available commercially. Crude thallium is present as a component in flue dust along with arsenic, cadmium, indium, germanium, lead, nickel, selenium, tellurium, and zinc. This is done by dissolving in dilute acid, precipitating out lead sulphate, and then adding HCl to precipitate thallium chloride, TlCl. Further purification can be achieved by electrolysis of soluble thallium salts.
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